New Energy, New Physics
Radio Interview with Dr. Randell Mills
Conducted by Art Rosenblum
Broadcast February 2, 1998 by Aquarian Research
[Webmaster's Disclaimer: This radio interview transcript is provided for information only and is somewhat dated. Dr. Mills and BlackLight Power have subsequently made substantial progress on new applications of the hydrino concept in both energy production and chemistry. The views of Art Rosenblum and Aquarian Research do not necessarily reflect those of HSG.]
Radio Introduction
Abundant, clean, safe energy has been a goal of humanity for centuries. Finally dawns a new millennium and with it a positive solution to this problem. For decades, scientists have falsely assumed that hydrogen (which burns to form water vapor) has no additional energy to give us except by burning.
Hydrogen is a major component of oil and gas. Dr. Randell Mills, a Harvard medical doctor with training in physics and engineering, holding over a dozen patents, has discovered that hydrogen atoms can also release a tremendous amount of energy without burning. This happens safely in a small container without any radiation or pollution. The cost will be lower by far than solar or wind energy and is a real solution to our global warming crisis, ending world dependence on fossil fuels. This new system is suitable not only for vehicles of all kinds but also for every village in the world to have its own electric power to pump and purify water, provide light, heat and energy for electronic educational systems that could bring together all the peoples of the world, and water as a source of hydrogen is the only fuel required.
Hydrogen is the simplest atom: one electron revolving around one proton. Imagine an atom of hydrogen enlarged so much that the proton is as big as a golf ball and you’d find the circling electron three hundred yards away! Dr. Mills’ amazing discovery is that hydrogen’s electron orbit can collapse, becoming a much smaller circle. When this happens, a tremendous amount of energy is released and the new atoms (which he’s dubbed “hydrinos”) form an inert gas that does not burn to make water or combine with any other atoms except one other hydrino. The energy released in this safe process is 1,000 times greater than we use to obtain hydrogen from water. A common element, potassium is a catalyst in the process. A catalyst makes a change possible but is not changed itself and so is not used up.
Full Text of Interview
AR: Dr Mills, this is Art Rosenblum, in Philadelphia. I’m with the Aquarian Research Foundation. We’ve been doing research on the future of the planet since 1970, a small, tax exempt nonprofit, and I’m extremely interested in your breakthroughs in energy.
RM: OK. In very layman’s terms, we’re catalyzing hydrogen to go to a lower energy state. It’s stable, and it explains an enormous number of things that physicists haven’t been able to describe or reconcile . It came about from when I was working at MIT. I got a paper on free electron lasers from Herman Haus. He was applying non-radiation [boundary conditions] that analyzed, basically, the mathematics of why the free electron laser worked. And I said well, the atom has an electron that’s bound and it’s not radiating. Why don’t I apply that math to the equation of the atom? I did, and it permitted me to solve everything from the masses of fundamental particles to the rate the universe is expanding - quarks to cosmos - and predicted there were these other lower energy states of hydrogen. And we’ve amassed massive amounts of data. We have two term sheets from utilities now, we have people very eager to commercialize this and we’ve been able to make independent validated energy cells that produce a thousand times the energy of burning hydrogen.
AR: A thousand? I read a hundred.
RM: Well, that was Penn State University’s test, but they didn’t do lifetime tests. They stopped after about 700, 800 hours (something like that), or, excuse me, minutes. They never did lifetime tests; they ran it for a finite period of time. We have done lifetime tests here with Atlantic Electric and gotten a thousand times the energy of burning hydrogen.
AR: I see. Now what happens with the hydrinos? They, from what I read, go off into space but would they also combine with oxygen and form water?
RM: No, they can’t burn, it’s kind of like, I had a Utility Executive ask me this and he said, “How can I go back and explain this to my Board of Directors? Once you make this low-energy hydrogen, can it come back up to its normal energy level?” Because it’s at a very, very low energy level, it’s released quite a lot of energy, and it turns out it can’t. And the way to describe that, in layman’s terms, is if you take hydrogen and oxygen and burn it and you get water, what is the likelihood that water will spontaneously absorb energy and revert back into hydrogen and oxygen. So, first of all, you cannot get low energy hydrogen to revert back into normal energy hydrogen unless you hit it with a cosmic ray or some very energetic particle and completely knock the electron away from the newly-formed low energy hydrogen. Secondly, the electron’s at such a very, very low level, it’s impossible for it to react with anything other than another low energy hydrogen atom.
AR: So, I see, the electron can only react then with another low energy hydrogen atom.
RM: To form a molecule, and the molecules are very, very stable. In fact, I have some beautiful data from the infra-red spectrum, the sun, taken from a number of very, very prestigious telescopes from around the world, including the National Solar Observatory, that match the rotational spectrum of this new form of hydrogen, with lines that they have not been able to identify to six significant figures. I mean, they match at six places.
AR: Wow!
RM: Yeah. There’s about, I don’t know, maybe sixty lines, something like that, that match up. And they haven’t been able to figure of what it is. And, all in all, there’s about a hundred, there’s probably about two hundred spectral lines from stellar media from the solar corona and a number of astrophysical studies that haven’t been able to be explained. Now let me tell you the significance of that. It turns out there’s a long-standing mystery about the Sun. Scientists don’t know why the gases around the Sun are two million degrees and the surface is only six thousand. Usually heat flows from a hot body to a cold body, if the energy is being produced in the core of the Sun how is the gas around the Sun hotter?
Well, it turns out that the Sun has a very, very large number of spectral lines that can’t be identified and they correspond to the energy transitions of this new lower energy hydrogen. And the power from the intensity of those lines matches the amount of power that can’t be explained by nuclear reactions occurring in the sun. I’m referring to solar neutrino paradox which proves that the sun is not making all of its energy by nuclear reactions. About half of it is unaccounted for.
And the other thing that is a very big problem in astrophysics is, that if you look at the Milky Way galaxy, it’s rotating a lot faster than it can possibly rotate and be stable, it should fly apart because there’s not enough gravity to hold it together and that’s why they propose that there is this dark matter, material that does not emit visible light, or light of known spectral characterization. That is, every element has its own particular spectrum and they have found that, if they look at the known elements from the spectrum of our Milky Way galaxy, there’s not enough mass there with known elements to hold it together. There has to be some other, unknown, element holding the galaxy together and they call it dark matter. I don’t know whether you have heard that.
AR: I’ve heard it, yes.
RM: And it could represent up to 95% of the mass of the universe. It turns out that scientists have looked at the extreme UV region of the spectrum that’s much higher energy than visible light, and every one of the spectral lines in order of energy for these lower energy transitions of hydrogen appear in that spectrum. In fact, this lower energy hydrogen is this missing mass, this dark matter.
AR: Aha.
RM: And that shouldn’t be of surprise, because most of the visible matter, about 95% of the visible matter is, in fact, hydrogen.
AR: That’s hydrogen at normal energy?
RM: At normal energy right.
AR: I see, so what causes hydrogen at normal energy to become low energy hydrogen?
RM: Well, it turns out that there is another mystery of the sun. If you look at the spectrum of the sun, you see when electrons of atoms undergo transitions, there are very, very sharp spectral frequencies. In other words, energy is characterized by a very, very specific frequency. Do you follow me?
AR: Yes.
RM: Like a radio station. It isn’t very broad, it’s one particular frequency. The pattern of those identify the different elements.
AR: Right.
RM: Well, it turns out if you look at the sun itself, at the photosphere, that’s the big glowing ball, if you look at that through a spectrum, you’ll see at about 912 Angstroms going all the way to about 350 Angstroms is one big massive broad band that is not a line spectrum. They call it the 912 wedge and it has - that’s called a continuum peak. In addition, there is another big wedge superimposed on that starts at about 734 Angstroms. In other words, it’s hundreds of Angstroms broad and it should only be tenths of Angstroms, you follow me?
AR: Right.
RM: It turns out if you have three hydrogen atoms collide simultaneously, two of those hydrogen atoms interacting with a third can make the … excuse me … two of the hydrogen atoms, say the second and third acting with the first, can catalyze it to go to its fractional state, one half.
AR: What do you mean -fractional state, one half’?
RM: Well, if you take the Rydberg formula, you know the principle energy level formula of hydrogen, 13.6 - maybe you write this down, this will tell you exactly what we’re doing. Very simple, take the formula 13.6 eV divided by n-squared. In the theory - alright, let’s go back even further - in 1886, Rydberg recognized if you look at the spectrum of the sun and you look at all the infinite number of lines coming from the sun, if you are going to put integers in that formula, and take the difference between those energy levels, it would assign every line coming from the sun, with the spectrometers of the day. Because the lowest energy transition in that formula was n is 2, until they developed the UV spectrometer and then the lowest energy then was n is 1 and that’s called the Lyman series. And then, in 1886 Rydberg put the whole thing together, Balmer, Paschem, Lyman, Funt. That’s all the different transitions, transition series in the sun going from 2-1, 3-1, 4-1, 5-1, that would be the Lyman, and going from 3-2, 4-2, 5-2, 6-2, that’s the Balmer series. Follow me?
AR: OK.
RM: And Paschem’s 4-3 5-3, 6-3 etc, you know where 3 is the final state that’s the Paschem series. So, there are all these series of lines and Rydberg completely summarized all of them by saying -Well 13.6 over n squared, where n is an integer 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 to infinity. Now, of course, Bond (?) did the ionized electron. Well, what I’m saying is that n can not only be an integer, n is 1 is the first non-radiative state but n is one half is non-radiative and n is one third is non-radiative and stable, and n as a fourth is non-radiative and stable.
AR: Non-radiant and stable, you’re saying?
RM: Stable, stable, yes. And to go from these non-radiative states from one non-radiative state to another non-radiative state you need a catalyst. You need a resonant energy transfer that takes away part of the energy in a resonant transfer, makes the atom unstable and then the rest can be emitted as light and that’s what you’re seeing from the Sun and from the interstellar medium and no-one knows why flares occur. The Extreme UV Explorer looked at a flare on a DM planet called a-Microscopae, about this time two years ago and, it was published in Science last year by Boyer at Extreme UV Center out in Cal Berkley and every single line in order of energy fit that formula, 13.6 over n squared where n was 1 over I, I being an integer, in other words a half, a third, a fourth, a fifth, a sixth in that principal energy formula. Do you follow me?
AR: Yes.
RM: And all of them were noted in Science - the magazine Science - as being unidentifiable. Do you follow me?
AR: Yes
RM: So, it turns out that the electric field between the proton and the electron has a lot of energy stored in it. Right, if you talk to the Tokamak guys up at Princeton, which are now closed down, because they wasted total world-wide about $40 billion of taxpayers’ money, but there’s a much more elegant way of making energy from hydrogen. They didn’t have to push the protons together to get fusion. There is a tremendous amount of energy between the electron and the proton, they just have to find a way of releasing it. Like they are putting in the equivalent amount of energy of a million electron volts because there is, in fact, a million electron volts of potential energy in the proton’s field, so two like charges repel each other with that amount of energy. If you had the opposite charges you should get that much energy back out, right? But you can only get out 13.6 because that is the first stable non-radiative state, and you have to have a mechanism to release more energy from hydrogen. Of course, it’s known that hydrogen atoms react to form molecules and release even more of that energy, right? But they do not do it radiatively. Over the entire universe, you’ll never see the bond energy of molecular hydrogen formation. You have to have a third body to take away the energy. Do you follow me? That’s what we’re doing. We’re taking away the energy with a resonant, like an energy sink, that matches the amount of energy that hydrogen will give off to undergo transition to these other non-radiative states. How does it happen in space? Well, once you make one half it becomes auto-catalytic; turns out that the potential energy of the hydrogen atom is 27.2. The amount of energy you have to remove in order to undergo these transitions between, let’s say from the n is 1 state, to the n is half state is 27.2, that’s the amount of energy you have to remove and then once you form fractional hydrogen it has a binding energy of a multiple of 27.2 and becomes auto-catalytic. So, what you are seeing in space is, in fact, lower energy hydrogen, auto-catalyzing to lower and lower energy states.
AR: I see.
RM: That’s all explained on the web page. I mean the balance reactions etc.
AR: OK, but I’d have to be a physicist to fully understand it. My brother is one.
RM: Let him take a look at it, he can translate it for you.
AR: OK. Tell me one simple thing. Say the world was producing a tremendous amount of power this way, all over the world, there would be this huge number of hydrinos going off. What would be the effect of that?
RM: Actually, it’s very, very little because there’s very, very little mass balance, because, in other words, low mass flow because you get a tremendous amount of energy. I mean we have independently validated now a thousand times the energy of burning hydrogen, so you’d use very, very little material. You would use water, it would be consumed, the water would be going to releasing oxygen which would be good for the environment and it would be releasing lower energy hydrogen. In fact, there is enough water just released in the atmosphere, in the biosphere, from the burning of fossil fuels, it’ll last for hundreds of thousands of years just removing that water.
AR: Water is plentiful, we know.
RM: Not only that, I mean if you look at a car application. A two hundred horsepower car going 60 mph using this process will go a hundred thousand miles on a tank of water.
AR: Aha.
RM: With no pollution because what you form is a lower chemical energy form of molecular hydrogen that does not react. In fact, you can look at the spectrum of the sun and you can see the spectrum of this lower energy molecular hydrogen, and it’s stable at 2 million degrees. It won’t even react or fall apart at 2 million degrees.
AR: I see.
RM: It’s lighter than air so it goes out into space. And if you are worried about a gas, it’s non-reactive, I mean, you can breathe helium, you can breathe argon, you can breathe neon. Every time you breathe 80% of the air you are breathing is nitrogen that doesn’t react with anything in your body.
AR: Exactly.
RM: This is much more stable than nitrogen. Much, much more stable. In fact, you couldn’t even keep it in your body, you couldn’t even keep it in the atmosphere, it would just diffuse out into space because it’s very, very light and it travels through containers very easily.
AR: Could it be kept in balloons?
RM: Well, it would be very difficult. You could probably keep it in a mylar balloon for some period of time, but it would be difficult.
AR: I see. So much more difficult than ordinary hydrogen?
RM: Oh much more difficult to store than normal hydrogen.
AR: You don’t think it would have an effect on the ionosphere?
RM: If anything it would absorb cosmic rays which would be a good thing and it would revert back to normal hydrogen which, again, is lighter than air and will end up in space anyhow. So if anything it would be a preventative, you know, it would be like replenishing the ozone layer it would have some screening effect. But there would be so little of it would be negligible. It would have no impact on anything.
AR: Well, it sounds extremely interesting. Do you have fuel cells at your laboratory presently producing, or capable of producing energy from, say, hydrogen or water?
RM: We have cells running here that produced a thousand times the energy of burning hydrogen running now. We are doing some tests with Atlantic Electric and, we’re not unreasonable about showing that, but - there’s independent validation reports that we’ve put out on the web if you needed some validation of it. For example, the Penn State University report. Jonathan Phillips is one of the authors, he’s a member of the International Calorimetry Society and the other author is Stuart Kurtz, who’s Vice-Chair of the Material Research Institute and a double Chaired Professor at Penn State University in the Chemical Engineering Department, he runs the Material Research Institute. So, and there’s a summary of reports from MIT Lincoln Labs, Idaho National Engineering Lab, Atomic Energy Canada, Limited, Lehigh University, Brookhaven National Labs, NASA Lewis, a whole bunch of labs are on the Net if you needed other validation.
AR: Why do you think that this information is not published in daily papers and the New York Times?
RM: Oh, it will be. We’ve kept it all very secret while we worked it out. Because it’s been a very, very difficult process because what I proposed, I mean, I tell lay men this, they say well hydrogen was experimentally known to have this 13.6 over n squared formula back in 1886 and then they tried to build theories around it and none of the theories really worked because they tried to make the universe mathematical rather than physical. They conflict with the large scale physics, there’s a big problem in physics now, you know, they’re up to eleven dimensions trying to unify gravity and atomic theory and it’s just an absolute nightmare. Then after all these decades and millions of man hours it is not coming about at anything convenient in terms of a solution. And I have something that unifies Maxwell’s equations, general relativity, special relativity and predicts everything from quarks to cosmos. It works over 45 orders of magnitude. Now the problem is that massive amounts of experiments that I can explain in terms of astrophysics, cosmology, like the entire thing and I have very, very pre-eminent people. I’ve had probably 200 top physicists from Cal Tech to Westinghouse, you know from national labs, multi-national corporations, to top universities who looked at this and no one can find a mistake with it, or a single experiment that proves it’s wrong. It’s very easy to find an experiment that proves quantum mechanics wrong. The Aspect Experiment proves it wrong. Electron scattering experiments prove it wrong. It’s not reconcilable with gravity. There are plenty of things that prove it wrong. Even if you look at the fundamentals, it’s not even a wave equation. There is an internal contradiction inside the equation itself because they do a substitution with the de Broglie wavelength and it turns out that it doesn’t even satisfy a wave equation. That’s why the time dependent has a first derivative with respect to time, not a second because it’s not even really a wave equation. Nonetheless, I’m not going to beat up on it too bad, it predicts negative energy states, and they’ve got to use virtual particles and all these compactified dimensions, all this just weird, crazy stuff. But all this comes out of first principle physics and clues from equations from my theory. And thing of it is, if I came up with a new theory and I came up with, say, an eleven dimensional theory or a thirteen dimensional theory that would be OK, that would be perfectly acceptable. But it turns out that my theory says that there are other lower energy states of hydrogen which violates, or is in contradiction, to the solutions of one electron wave equation solution to the hydrogen atom, which is based on probability. And says the universe is not probabilistic at the atomic level, but a fundamental particle is a fundamental particle, it’s not a probability density function. It didn’t even make sense to apply probability to a single particle, you know what I’m saying? It’s like trying to do statistics on one person. Mathematically it doesn’t even make sense but they used it because they could do these averaging techniques and they could do all these perturbations and get experimental answers, so mathematically it’s very convenient. It’s like trying to fit the stock market after you know the answer, you know what I’m saying?
AR: Right.
RM: You apply all these curve-fitting techniques and that’s what quantum mechanics really is, it’s a bunch of curve-fitting. You add different dimensions, you add virtual particles, and you keep adding negative energy states until you get the right answer. Well here I’m saying that everything’s deterministic all the way down to the atomic level. That’s going to make these guys look like fools. They’re off on the wrong tangent talking about probability, and Einstein, de Broglie, Dirac, Schrödinger himself, they all said, “You guys are wrong, you shouldn’t talk about a particle being a probability, it’s a particle.” And that’s the problem, that’s the rub. That’s why it took a lot of confidence building and testing and the other thing was this damned cold fusion. If I did anything I’d rip that out of the history books because those guys are saying, “Hey, there’s some heat source, we’ve got some nuclear reaction”. And, of course, all nuclear products magically disappear, and it’s the same sort of thing. You know the quantum guys are pulling tricks out of their sleeves and just trying to hand wave explanations without anything substantial. Do you know what I’m saying?
AR: But doesn’t cold fusion produce tritium, which is radioactive?
RM: No, it doesn’t. I mean, even if it does, let’s suppose it does. Even if it does, even if you take the numbers that they say it produces as tritium, right? If you take - you got to obey E=mc2 right? So you got to take deuterium and then you make tritium and E=mc2 and if you look at how much energy they are getting compared to the amount of tritium they get, it’s off by 14 orders of magnitude. I mean that’s a big mistake. That’s not like 20%, it’s 1 followed by 14 zeros.
AR: Right.
RM: That’s big. So these physicists are saying, “Hey, the nuclear reactions aren’t accounting for the heat, even if there is trace tritium there, that’s not what’s making the heat.” You see what I’m saying? Because you’re off by 14 orders of magnitude.
AR: Right.
RM: So they keep saying, “Well, somehow the tritium magically disappears,” or you know, whatever. And that doesn’t cut it in science, you know, you’ve got to have the experimental data. If you come here, you look on the walls, I have gas chromatography results, mass spectroscopy results, x-ray photo electron spectroscopy results, infra-red spectroscopy, UV spectroscopy. I have proved that we’re making this product from our heat cells. You follow me? That’s what people want. So, over the years I’ve been building up all this credibility and getting all these validated research reports and now I have two term sheets from utilities, Pacific Corporate which is like the third largest generator, put a million bucks in. We’ve got other utilities that we’re working out deals with for millions of dollars. We’re just doing a stock offering, it was a $5m offering. Sold out in a week. We are probably going to close it out at $10 million.
AR: Is stock available at present?
RM: Well, there is but we are only selling it to accredited investors, that’s people with like a million net worth.
AR: So my brother couldn’t buy stock in the Corporation?
RM: Well, we’re trying to just sell to accredited investors; people that make like $300,000 plus a year, have more than a million net worth, that type of thing. But there’s a lot of big corporations, you know, that are -
AR: Going for it?
RM: Yes, it’s very, very interesting to see the turn of events because in terms of the development time line. I mean what we originally used is, you have to have the catalyst and you have to have hydrogen in contact with each other. The most convenient way of generating hydrogen was with electrolysis. So the first cell that I made back in 1991 was with electrolytic - with the transition catalyst dissolved in the water and served as the electrolyte and reacted with the hydrogen. And I got excess energy and I validated at MIT Lincoln Labs and Idaho National Engineering Lab and a number of labs that got very large multiples of the power out relative to the total input power. But I got linked to cold fusion, people were saying, “Oh, well you know, this is cold fusion.” What we are doing now is a gaseous reaction at about 100 millitorrs which is about 1/1000 the pressure of atmosphere at up to 2,000 degrees. So you are looking at a very, very low pressure reaction with just hydrogen and trace amounts of vaporized catalyst in a gaseous reaction, we’re getting a thousand times the energy of burning hydrogen. And the companies, and Westinghouse validated for example, but what people said is: “OK we believe your theory, we know this is working, we are making lower energy hydrogen but we don’t think it will be commercially competitive.”
AR: Why is that?
RM: I’m saying that’s what they’d said historically.
AR: Oh.
RM: Then I developed about, oh, I don’t know, 18 months ago, I worked out all the theory for this new gas phase cell and then Bill was working on testing it and it works! And now we have people, you know, fighting to get in. And I mean I get unsolicited calls from utilities, you know, I’ve got people coming who are CEO’s and COO’s and Chairmen of utilities flying up in their Lears and coming here and wanting to license it. Now, like I said, we got two term sheets already from two different big power generators, and we’ve got, just last week, I have three more utilities called me. I’m on the road constantly. I mean, the entire next week I’m going to be on the road every single day going to different meetings. So, you know, the whole tenor has changed because now we have a commercially competitive process and I have people from Stone (?) & Webster, Flor (?) Daniel, Westinghouse and, you know, a lot of big power companies have said, “If you can get this new vapor phase cell independently validated,” they said “we feel that this will be the dominant source of power for essentially all power applications.”
AR: Right.
RM: Now it doesn’t take a genius to figure out if you’re getting a thousand times burning you can use a fraction of the electrical output to make the hydrogen.
AR: Of course.
RM: And you’re running very low pressures, 100 millitorrs, so it’s safe and reliable, if you punched a hole in it, it would just suck air in and shut it down immediately. But because it’s very low pressure you can control the hydrogen gas and the catalyst pressures and you can get very, very exquisite control on it. The mass balance is very, very low because of the tremendous amount of energy per atom and the product is a lower energy chemical form of hydrogen that doesn’t burn, that’s lighter than air. So it’s very environmentally friendly and it turns out that the capital cost is very low for the equipment also. And you can use existing power conversion equipment because it runs at very, very high power densities and very, very high temperature. So it’s like the ultimate power source.
AR: Right. Well, it sounds extremely interesting and has a lot to do with the future of the planet as I see it, because a major part of our planetary problems is fighting over oil.
RM: Yes, do you want to talk about a really interesting - we hired this guy, Jim Kendall, who’s working out - I mean in terms of your audience, I think this is really a fascinating concept that he’s working on now for our system designs. We just hired him, we’re very lucky to get him.
AR: What’s his name?
RM: Jim Kendall. He’s a PhD Engineer type and the thing that’s really interesting is he’s working on this concept - the terms of the technology is already available. You know all the cars are out there in the parking lot, I don’t know where you are now, but you know all these cars sitting around these parking lots, sitting in driveways and all that. You know a car is a very substantial power station. You could actually take an internal combustion engine and put a generator on it and you can run your car with electric motors, right? That’s what these hybrid vehicles are.
AR: Yes, hybrid is so much more efficient than -
RM: Well, that’s what they’re talking about. They’re actually talking about using some internal combustion engine with a generator and electric motors, right? Well, they have fuel cells or people at Capstone for example out in Torrence, is looking at like mini-turbine type of things. Well, if you ran the internal combustion engine in that mode, you’d have so much carbon monoxide and all kinds of pollutants that you couldn’t even breathe. Secondly, the gasoline would be so phenomenally expensive and we’d run out of gasoline probably in about ten years, or twenty years.
AR: You mean if everybody in the world lives like we do?
RM: No, I meant if everyone ran their electrical generation off the automobile, too.
AR: Right.
RM: But, if you are using our process - and gasoline’s very expensive, relative to coal. The reason we have centralized power plants is because you have economy of scale for fuel. Because you could take these huge truckloads or train loads of coal like the Brunner Island plant outside Harrisburg uses 100 carloads a day at 100 tons per carload. That’s a lot of gasoline, you know, if you are going to look at that equivalent. That’s one power plant. But the concept is you’d have one of these Blacklight Power cells, making maybe 200 kW thermal and then you’d have a hybrid vehicle, you’d put that into an external combustor gas turbine with a generator on line, so you’d make electricity and you’d run down the road with electric motors. Then you’d park it and you’d plug your car into the grid and it would continue to run and it would create about 40 kW electric that would go out on the grid. And you would get a credit for it and then here at home when you are drawing down juice you’d get a debit and the utility company wouldn’t even own a power plant. I mean, there’s enough cars put out on the road in the United States to more than match the entire electrical generating capacity of the United States.
AR: I got your point. OK, that’s very clear. So how close are we to actually producing a fuel cell working with this system that would -
RM: It’s not a fuel cell; it’s a gas power cell. A fuel cell is actually a battery, you put hydrogen and oxygen in and then you make the hydrogen. Now if you made hydrogen from electrolysis of water, you’d actually use about four times more fossil fuel that burning it directly.
AR: I know that but I don’t care about the words - fuel cell - that’s right it’s a gas cell.
RM: Yes, that’s right, just call it a gas power cell, hydrogen power cell. How close are we? Well, the theory’s all worked out, the validations are worked out, the lower energy hydrogen’s been identified, that is a product, and we have power densities equivalent to many electrical power plants and running at temperatures comparable to many electrical power plants. And we’re getting validated energy balance of a thousand times the energy of burning hydrogen. So we know the process works and now it’s just the time it takes to retro-fit that into existing technology. We don’t have to invent anything new, we’re using vacuum furnaces and we’re going to use external combustor gas turbines, so it’s just a matter of retro-fitting it into existing technology. So depending on how fast we are at executing that plan and how fast we are getting partners to push that agenda forward it could happen very quickly. And the thing is, right now we’re working on 100kW thermal unit up at Thermacore in Lancaster. Once we got that then you can put that into cars, you can put that into distributor power generation, that could meet in developing countries where they don’t have transmission lines, that could meet an enormous percentage of the market.
AR: Right.
RM: We’re probably about six months from having that built.
AR: Six months from having that built?
RM: Right.
AR: Wow! Well, that is extremely interesting and I will let my brother know all about this and it’s just fantastic.
RM: You’ll be able to get some good stuff off the web. There’s some summary there that you could cut to put into an article. We put up a couple of articles there, one that the Lancaster paper Sunday News ran and I thought was a really good job, that Reuters put out on the news wire.
AR: That’s what I have.
RM: Yes, I think between all those, you’ll probably get some good information.
AR: And if this is so then, in the next few years, systems will be developed as you spoke of, that cars that can run on practically nothing for energy. Energy will be the cheapest thing in the world, not as cheap as water but that we won’t have a big problem with it.
RM: Fuel will be cheap. I wouldn’t say energy would be, it’s going to cost something because of capital equipment to create electricity or to create motive power from the fuel is still going to - it will vary. We have to convert thermal energy into either motor power or electrical power, and that requires a piece of hardware and we’re using existing hardware, namely gas turbines and steam turbines which are reasonably expensive. Compared to the fuel that the vehicle or the fuel that a power plant would use, or the right kind of power plant, the fuel outweighs the cost of the capital equipment, but albeit capital equipment is still a major cost.
AR: Yeah, but that can come down. How would you say it compares with solar energy?
RM: Oh, solar energy is very expensive because the capital equipment costs are so unbelievably high. So you understand the basic process. We’re taking hydrogen and making another chemical?
AR: Alright, now I don’t know if anything is still secret if you are applying for a patent, presumably you reveal the secret, right?
RM: Yes.
AR: And so you’ve already got one in Australia, I understand?
RM: Yes.
AR: So the secret, there’s no secret any more?
RM: No secret.
AR: How then do you convert the hydrogen at low pressure, and I don’t know what temperature, to hydrinos and you’ve got the power. I know you have potassium as a catalyst but what exactly do you feed into the chamber that makes this happen?
RM: Well, we need atomic hydrogen.
AR: Which means separate from molecular hydrogen?
RM: You can make atomic hydrogen from molecular hydrogen by dissociation, which is a commonly-known process.
AR: Using an electric arc?
RM: You can make atomic hydrogen using electric arc, you can make it cheaper and more efficiently in terms of capital cost and energy balance if you make atomic hydrogen by just dissociating it on refractory metals at high temperature. For instance, if you take tungsten at elevated temperature, it will break, automatically break molecular hydrogen into atomic hydrogen.
AR: Something like the tungsten filament in a bulb?
RM: Tungsten filament in a bulb will do it perfectly fine. The tungsten filament in a bulb is in a vacuum and if you introduce low pressure hydrogen in there, a certain fraction of the hydrogen in that bulb will be atomic hydrogen.
AR: I got it. OK, and then what happens?
RM: Then we take the potassium and you have to have it run very hot. So we run potassium ions, you need potassium plus ions -
AR: Hydrogen ions?
RM: Plus hydrogen atoms. And we vaporize the potassium ions. They’re actually heated up, everything has a vapor pressure - like this desk, the varnish on this desk, if you had a mass spectrometer in this room - everything in this room would have a vapor pressure. We heat these metals up, they boil off and eventually -
AR: That’s what happens in a vacuum tube.
RM: Right, you boil off and you get the continuous - well, vacuum deposition is a commonly known process. So in the vacuum, you heat up the potassium, it vaporizes, contacts hydrogen atoms, and there is a resonant transfer of energy, that is, there’s a match in the energy level of the hydrogen atom to the difference in energy of two potassium ions for the reaction of electron being transferred from one potassium ion to another. The potassium ions have other electrons they can be ionized. If you take away the second electron from the potassium ion, it causes an electron to reduce the first potassium ion so one goes to K2 plus and the other one goes to K0. The energy to do that is 27.2 eV. That is the potential energy of a hydrogen atom when it’s in its first non-radiative state. So the potential energy of the hydrogen atom is equal to the energy for transferring electrons from one potassium plus ion to another potassium plus ion. So that hydrogen atom forms that potential energy state spontaneously by emitting light and you can have it form other, stable, non-radiative states by transferring, in this case, non-radiatively 27.2 eV to something else that will accept 27.2 eV. In the process the electron of the hydrogen atom undergoes a transition to another stable state and part of the energy is transferred resonantly to this catalyst, the rest of it can come out as radiation within the vacuum. In fact, you can see those extreme UV lines in solar flares, in the solar corona, you can see it in the dark interstellar media. There’s quite a lot of spectroscopy of unassigned lines in the extreme UV in astrophysics, but those transitions match exactly. That is the transitions of taking some of the energy out of hydrogen and it becomes unstable and emits the rest as light. The energy levels are given by the Rydberg formula. It describes the principal energy levels of the hydrogen atom and the transitions between these principal energy levels gives the light frequencies that come off spontaneously. It turns out, those states correspond to integers in that formula and the states that we’re talking about correspond to fractions in the same formula. It’s not any fraction. It’s 1/i where i is an integer. Those are the fractional states, we have one half, a third, a fourth, a fifth.
AR: This is physics/math that I don’t really understand, so what I want to know is something I can understand, like what then happens? Say you have a combustion chamber of a certain size?
RM: You can think of it as a combustion chamber when you think of a gaseous reaction like inside the cylinder of a car, but this would be much lower pressure, and be very hot right after the ignition inside the cylinder. So you have vaporized catalyst, then hydrogen atoms that have formed because there’s a refractory metal like a tungsten film. And it’s very hot, breaks the molecules into atoms, they contact the catalyst and by contacting the atoms with the catalyst energy is transferred from the hydrogen to the potassium - just as when you contact hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms you get combustion. Here if you contact potassium ions and hydrogen atoms you get hydrogen going to a lower energy state -
AR: And the potassium getting hotter?
RM: The potassium takes away part of the energy. Oh, it gets hotter in the sense that it goes to a higher energy state, gives off that energy to the system and returns back to potassium ions, so it serves as a catalyst.
AR: In the vacuum, how does the hydrino then go off, or does it stay until you somehow take it out?
RM: Well, once you’ve formed fractional atomic hydrogen, it has what they call binding energy, that is the energy it takes to remove the electron to form a free electron and a proton. It has a binding energy that’s a multiple of 27.2 eV. So when I told you we had to absorb 27.2 to cause the catalysis of hydrogen to the lower states. Well, once you have formed the hydrogen itself in that lower state it has a binding energy of a multiple of 27.2, so it can become its own catalyst, it’s auto-catalytic.
AR: The hydrogen atoms gradually become, or quickly become hydrinos?
RM: Yes, and they become auto-catalytic to form lower and lower states of hydrinos until one of two things happens. Either two hydrinos react and form a di-hydrino, a molecule, which is stable and doesn’t burn and we haven’t seen any chemical reactivity at all from this new form of hydrogen, or it’s so small it just diffuses out of the system.
AR: Through the container?
RM: Right through the container as if it’s much smaller than helium and it’ll go right through the container.
AR: Much smaller than hydrogen atoms too?
RM: Smaller than hydrogen atoms, smaller than helium.
AR: Through the spaces between the atoms -
RM: In the container, yes. Just as if you had a balloon and if you fill it with helium after a while the gas will leak out of the balloon. Because the helium is small and it’s neutrally charged so eventually it leaks out.
AR: But hydrogen is still smaller than helium?
RM: No, hydrogen is bigger than helium. The one half hydrino is about the size of a helium atom.
AR: The one half hydrino, meaning a hydrino that hasn’t lost all of its energy -
RM: No. You have normal hydrogen, so let’s talk about the fractional states, you have normal hydrogen. Normal hydrogen has a principle quantum number of n is 1 and that has the size of the radius of the hydrogen atom which is 5.29 times 10 to the minus 11 meters. And helium is about 0.56 that size. It’s about half the size. Now the hydrino, one half, is half the size of normal hydrogen, or .5 the radius of the hydrogen atom.
AR: I see, so it’s like a helium?
RM: Very close to the size of the helium atom.
AR: I never knew that heliums were smaller than the hydrogen atoms.
RM: Helium atoms are smaller.
AR: OK, cause they have neutrons, I would assume -
RM: It does. Yes, but that’s the nucleus. The nucleus has neutrons but the electron is what determines the size.
AR: I get it, so the orbital size of a hydrino is much smaller than that of a hydrogen atom?
RM: Half the size, yes. And then if you go to one third, it’s one third the size, one fourth, the lower and lower you go in energy it gets to be a fractional size of normal hydrogen.
AR: I see. Now what gives a thousand times the power burning hydrogen?
RM: On average we are going down to the 1 over 10 to the 1 over 20th level of hydrogen. So we’d have a hydrino say 1 over 15 would be the quantum level that goes in the Rydberg formula to describe its binding energy. That is the energy it takes to remove the electron. Actually there’s this infinite formula that goes back to the 1800s, 13.6 over n squared. All the energy levels of hydrogen that are spontaneously radiative fit that formula where the n is 1,2,3, an integer.
AR: Again, we’re talking mathematics.
RM: But this is important to understand, because you are talking about the size and I’m telling you that fractional quantum numbers that go into the energy formula are the same fractional numbers that describe its size relative to hydrogen.
AR: So the container that you have, the stainless steel container -
RM: You can use stainless steel, yes. You can use molybdenum, or tungsten or stainless steel. You have to run this at very high temperatures, so you need something that will run to high temperatures. Stainless steel is pretty good.
AR: That’s what aircraft exhaust systems are made of.
RM: Oh, it would work for some of our cells, it would melt under the conditions that other of our cells work at.
AR: Would you use a ceramic?
RM: No, we’d use either molybdenum or tungsten.
AR: Tungsten, OK. Tungsten can stand very high temperatures.
RM: 3000 degrees centigrade.
AR: And so, does it happen that the container heats up to temperatures like 3,000 degrees?
RM: The container runs at - the ones we have run - we had center line of 2,000 degrees C and the outer stainless steel part of it was 850 degrees centigrade. With the one we’re designing now, the container wall itself will be at 2,000 degrees.
AR: I see. and then, that heat is taken off by -
RM: Heat exchangers and then it can be used in a gas turbine. And the gas turbine can be used to turn a generator, or generate motor power. Standard conversion.
AR: OK, if you’ve got heat, there are ways to produce electricity.
RM: Yes, this is a cheap way of making heat.
AR: You continue to feed in hydrogen and does all the hydrogen you feed in at a controlled rate, no doubt, change to hydrinos or just a fraction of it?
RM: A pretty large percentage of it.
AR: But the rest would tend to fill up the chamber, right?
RM: No. What we feed in there - we’ve done batch studies where you put in hydrogen and leave it in there till the reaction stops. So all the hydrogen in that cell is eventually consumed to make hydrinos.
AR: I see. And you just let the hydrinos go …
RM: They diffuse out eventually, yes.
AR: Eventually, can the process run continuously?
RM: It can run continuously, also. We’ve done that. Where you feed in new hydrogen.
AR: Right. At a controlled rate, just as fast as it’s needed?
RM: Yes. So you have very low mass because you get a tremendous amount of energy per atom so you don’t need very many atoms.
AR: Right, I understand. Then the next step is just efficient use of the heat that’s produced and engineers have worked at that for a long, long time.
RM: That’s correct, we are working on that now. And there’s are a lot of very interesting technologies to which this lends itself. One of the things we’re looking at, we’re looking at a couple of scenarios, of course, there is retro-fit of central power plants where you just take an existing boiler and you just put in our gaseous reactor that converts hydrogen to lower energy hydrogen and generates power on a large scale and either turns a gas turbine or a steam turbine to make electricity. The other scenario is that we would look at distributive power, or we make maybe 1 megawatt units and we put the little power generators out at the locations where you have sub-stations today and they would generate power for, say, 200 homes or several businesses.
AR: Assuming, water is available, does the water have to be specially pure?
RM: No, any kind of water will do. As long as it’s water that has hydrogen in it.
AR: I lived 12 years in Paraguay and I’ve been in other countries, Cuba for instance, which is much, much more advanced than Paraguay.
RM: Yes, I’d say so, they’re kind of having some economic problems right now, but you’d know more about that.
AR: They had severe economic problems three or four years ago, they are pretty well over that.
RM: That’s good news.
AR: It’s great and everybody is educated.
RM: That’s a good point.
AR: Everybody can read and they would jump on this energy system.
RM: They’re probably in need of energy, especially since the Russians kind of cut back on their supplies.
AR: Right, they’ve been thinking of finishing this nuclear power plant that was started by the Russians -
RM: Probably don’t have the technology.
AR: They found some oil, but it’s not the best quality. They do need energy and they have energy but where near what they need and I don’t know if you’d be, at what point, maybe not now, but at some point, you would be willing to allow Cuban scientists to come here and -
RM: Well, I’d have to look into that. I think there’s some export restrictions still.
AR: Oh yes, export you can’t -
RM: On a scientific basis, I could talk to them. Export I think there’s still restrictions.
AR: I’ve got the Government restrictions here, I’ve got the Treasury Department stuff and there’s huge loopholes, you know you could fly a Cessna through the loopholes. What’s prohibited is doing business. Every other country can do business with Cuba but we can’t.
RM: So you could probably do business through the other companies in other countries.
AR: If you are established with any other country you have no problem. But scientists, Cuban scientists can come here and learn everything and do the work there, but maybe not be able to pay you. That might be the problem.
RM: Yes, I don’t think we have problems with Cuba anyhow, I don’t think they’re PCT signatories. Have you got any more questions?
AR: Yes, I have lots of questions. The thing that surprises me greatly is that the military of this country hasn’t come down on you and said: “This is a military secret.”
RM: Well, I think it’s still controversial, I think in time the military will see some applications, to it, but right now we aren’t working with the military or contemplate it at any time in the near future, we’re just working on developing it as a new civilian type of energy source, from a business perspective.
AR: I’ve heard rumors, I don’t know the facts, I heard rumors that some other inventions have been concealed in that way.
RM: No, this one hasn’t.
AR: Right. And from what I understand, from what you’ve already told me, when the patent is published here, presumably anybody could do what you are doing?
RM: That’s correct. Under license they could.
AR: But to be legally doing it, you’d have to license them.
RM: That’s correct.
AR: But the information would be out there and if they chose to do it illegally you couldn’t stop them except by suing them.
RM: That’s correct.
AR: But, at the same time, it’s clear that ultimately it will be possible for the people to have it, whether big corporations do or not?
RM: Well, we’re working on these two distributive power schemes. There’d be personal units. You’d have one for your home, you’d have one for business and office and the other one is clustered, what they call distributive power and that is when you have a unit, say at the sub-station, which may feed 20 businesses or 200 homes, this is the megawatt unit which will feed up to 200 homes. And then the other form of individualized power that I like the best, for the long term, is that an automobile, if it had a generator, it would generate about 100 kW electric and there are 10 million new vehicles made a year which would give you a thousand billion watts. Now the total electrical generating capacity of the United States is only 600 billion watts. So every year you have new cars coming off the assembly line, and when you park your vehicle you would plug the wire into the grid and it would generate 100kW electricity and you’d be paid for the electricity.
AR: And what that means to me, and it would me, having lived in other countries is that one vehicle in a village could supply power for the whole village.
RM: The whole village, that’s correct. In fact, 100 kW is a lot. 100kW could heat would be about 20 homes, American homes.
AR: Then it means that you’d have a mobile power station and one could drive to every village in every country of the world.
RM: Well, if you look around at the parking lots, you go down to Philadelphia, people have $20, $30,000 dollar investment in cars, and they’re not making them any money. They’re using them 3 percent of the time , and they park in a garage or in a parking lot. You’d have a strip going down the parking lot; people plug their cars in and there’s a system already that will recognize which car it is and give you a credit, while you’re selling juice back to the power company and when you use this electricity you’ll get a debit. So the electric utility in the future would be more or less like a re-sell of power. You could generate more than $10,000 worth of electricity with your car and you could do that today if you put an electrical generator on your car, the problem is that the gasoline would cost more than what the coal cost to make the electricity. Plus the attendant pollution -
AR: We don’t have to worry about that. That’s not going to happen.
RM: Well, this could make that technology happen. It’s all in place, I mean the power conversion equipment, you step up the voltage, step down the voltage, change the frequency. All that’s in place.
AR: I know all that stuff.
RM: The computer technology can handle all the debiting and crediting.
AR: My question is different. The two of us, if your secretary could take a photo of us?
RM: Oh, sure. Let her take a picture and I’ll give you some pictures of the live equipment.
AR: One other question. Say you have a power plant in a car. How long will that power plant hold up, before the tungsten or the other parts deteriorate from the heat and have to be replaced?
RM: Well, that’s a good question. Those questions are things we have to answer. There aren’t any moving parts, so it should be possible that that shouldn’t be the weak link. Now, if you do look at the next weak link, the turbine, turbines of the air bearing kind, those mini-turbines, they will run a phenomenally long time. At least for motor power applications. Capstone, for example, is looking into putting turbines in to replace internal combustion engines using fossil fuel. And, those turbines should last a lifetime. Turbines are run for an extremely long time. Your next question was about electric motors. Well, electric motors are very, very resilient also.
AR: My question is your generating system for producing the heat, how long will that hold up?
RM: We don’t see any problems with it being a weak link in the technology, so that’s really good.
AR: That answers my question. Stainless steel, for instance which is the cheapest that you’ve mentioned, could hold out a lifetime and not get burned out, corroded…
RM: Well, we’re working on that but we don’t see any problems with that at the time being.
AR: OK, so that’s a developed field that would hold up?
RM: And there’s no moving parts in that.
AR: I understand, there’s no moving parts.
RM: You have the heat exchanger, the vacuum vessel. Then we have the electrolyzer but for the amount of hydrogen that would have to electrolyze for example a tank of water with a thousand times the energy of burning hydrogen. Which we are seeing in the lab now and we have that independently validated. A tank of water for a 200 hp automobile going 60 mph, that tank would take you 100,000 miles. So the electrolyzer doesn’t look like that’s going to be a weak link either, because it doesn’t use very much hydrogen.
AR: I’m interested in how airplanes would work on this?
RM: Well, probably use a turbine engine, but you’d have to make a very high powered and very compact heat exchanger and you’d pull the air in, and the same way the gas turbine would work in the automobile you’d have a gas turbine in the airplane.
AR: This is just a total revolution for the planet.
RM: It is, it represents an unbelievable - if you are going to design an energy source, you couldn’t design anything better.
AR: Exactly.
RM: Because the planet is essentially made out of water, and the amount you would use up would take thousands and thousands of years just to remove the water from the biosphere that burning fossil fuels put the atmosphere in the first place.
AR: We wouldn’t have to worry about the water situation.
RM: No, there’s billions and billions - inexhaustible.
AR: My operation is a shoestring operation. I just depend on the Lord. Somehow, if I work for the universe, the universe works for me. I have an income, presently from a trust my mother left of about $12,000 a year
RM: OK.
AR: And we have a family of four; that supports us well enough - and people ask how can you own an airplane on that income. Well, people donate. You know we got a twelve hundred dollar radio in the airplane just recently donated by Icom.
RM: How nice.
AR: And I’m looking forward to a donation of good GPS and there are various things they hear what I’m doing, when they read about this, they’re going to donate more.
RM: Could be.
AR: This is beyond everything.
RM: Yeah, a pile of information from us.
AR: I’m serving the planet in ways that they are not able to do at this time; some are in some way and people appreciate it and they help me.
[OK, that's about the end of the personal interview. We then went and took some pictures and now here's another phone call with Dr Mills]
RM: Oh, how are you doing, Art?
AR: Better and better, except I just learned that there’s an airworthiness directive on my old Cessna and that’s going to cost me over a thousand dollars.
RM: Oh, God I hate that.
AR: Do you fly?
RM: No, I was just being facetious.
AR: The reason I’m calling you is to try to get you to just tell me the story of how you discovered this new form of energy.
RM: OK, I was working on the theory, you know that theory, I gave you that book, and I applied that non-radiative boundary constraint to the hydrogen atom.
AR: What led you to work on a new theory?
RM: Well, ’cause I knew the old theory was wrong. It doesn’t work. It causes a division between classical, you know, the large scale physics and atomic physics. And Bohr, back in the early 19th century said he couldn’t get the theories to work out and be in agreement with classical theories, so he just said it just obeys different physics which was a very bad move. And we’ve inherited that ever since. So what I said is physics has to apply on all scales because everything is made out of atoms and the laws that apply on the large scale must apply on the atomic scale since they did not solve the equations correctly.
AR: Did that lead you to this electrolysis experiment?
RM: Yes. So what I did was I went back and I solved the atom by invoking a constraint - you know this, whenever you solve the atomic equation you have to have a condition to solve it, a constraint. There’s an infinite number of solutions to all equations, so I picked as my constraint something that you’d observe all over the universe - that is, hydrogen at the 13.6 eV energy level, is non-radiating. So I said I will solve the atom with the constraint that it doesn’t radiate at that energy level and the atom solved in closed form without any postulates or fudge factors or added on junk that they have today. And it matched all the various measurements that have been made on the hydrogen atom which permitted me to solve the electron, that is the free electron, the photon, excited states of atoms and it also predicted that there are these other low energy states of hydrogen that involved transitions without the release of radiation.
AR: What you are saying is that you started out then from the mathematical point of view?
RM: A very sensible theory derived the solution to the atom, it predicted these other states of hydrogen and how to make these transitions occur, that is I had to use a catalyst that will absorb the exact amount of energy 27.2 eV and I looked in the literature and said, “Oh, look, potassium has a reaction that can absorb that amount of energy.” And then I ran the reaction. Simple as that, it’s all from theory.
AR: I see. You started out to be a medical doctor, is that right?
RM: Yeah, but I invented a lot of cutting edge technologies and I was always in the high-tech end of things and I took an electrical engineering program at MIT.
AR: We know that. I see that from your biography.
RM: Then, that’s why I picked up on this non-radiative constraint from one of my professors who was working on free electron lasers, then I applied that to the atom and solved the atom correctly. And by solving the atom correctly, I found that there are these other states of hydrogen that could exist and how to make those states in a reaction.
AR: How come, if the normal state of hydrogen as we know it has more energy, how come that so much of it exists at the higher energy level?
RM: Because that is the first non-radiative state. That means you can’t get it to go to a lower energy unless you take energy out of it with a non-radiative mechanism. In fact, normal molecular hydrogen forms without emitting light also. It has to have some third body take away the energy, namely the bond energy for molecular hydrogen to form. So it’s the same principle. In fact, if you look over the entire universe you’ll never see light being emitted from molecules forming from atoms of hydrogen.
AR: With other atoms, that happens?
RM: Well, I don’t think it happens with any atoms. I had a chemist in here the other day and he said, “You know, I think that’s true of all atomic reactions that form molecules.” I don’t think there are any of them that emit light that they have to have a third party. You know in molecular reactions.
AR: So, you started out as a medical doctor working at the high-tech end of inventing new medical procedures.
RM: Not procedures, new medical technologies. Pharmaceutical technologies and medical imaging technologies, things of that nature. And I was working on theory to predict new technologies and I went back and I reworked atomic theory correctly and it predicted this new source of energy by making a form of hydrogen that exists in nature. But no one knew how to make it or was aware of its existence.
AR: So hydrinos do exist naturally?
RM: Yes, they make up dark the matter and they - it accounts for part of the energy, about 40% of the energy coming from our Sun, for example. It accounts for the flares that you see in the Sun.
AR: Flares?
RM: Solar flares. The mechanism behind that is these lower energy hydrogen transitions.
AR: Tell me something else. Some people who claim to be scientists, although I don’t know if they really are, say that it isn’t possible for people or animals to get all the energy that they have simply from the oxidation of food; that there must be something else that goes on in the body that gives us our energy.
RM: Hey, I’m not sure about that. Well, if you get me some literature. I mean I’ve never looked at - I know you can put people inside a closed chamber then you can feed them and figure out how much chemical energy is there and measure all the heat they give off, etc. I don’t know. I’ve never looked at that data. Maybe they’re right, maybe they’re wrong. I’d have to look at the data.
AR: What I’ve seen of it isn’t scientific enough to -
RM: It’s probably not accurate enough to tell. So, you really can’t comment on it then.
AR: Right. My theory is that if you took all the food that someone ate normally and burned it in pure oxygen you’d get a certain maximum amount of energy from it.
RM: That’s correct, that’s thermodynamics.
AR: Then if you took the work that that person does physically and determined how much energy he puts out, if he’s putting out a lot more than you can get by burning the food, then he must be getting it from some other source.
RM: You could do that experiment by putting him into a closed environmental chamber and seeing how much heat his body releases.
AR: Right, but I mean the heat is minimal compared to the physical work.
RM: What I’m saying is by moving things around, that mechanical energy has ultimately got to be converted into heat.
AR: So, you were working at inventions having to do with medicine and healing and you came upon - you started working on the mathematics -
RM: Of atomic theory.
AR: Of atomic theory, and finding that the theory was evidently wrong.
RM: Yes.
AR: And it’s not only your discovery but other people have seen so many inconsistencies.
RM: That’s correct.
AR: That you had to say there must be something wrong with this whole mess. Einstein saw that.
RM: Yes, Einstein saw right through that at the very beginning.
AR: And he said that his theory was, at least, not complete.
RM: He was correct though. His part of it was correct and his intuition was correct, but he couldn’t finish it. I think I’ve finished what Einstein’s dream was.
AR: Right. And yet - but people seem to doubt - so many other scientists seem to doubt that hydrogen could have a lower energy than what they call the ground state.
RM: Well then that’s OK because this - you know - is something that’s really quite new and it’s been ingrained in them that there is something called the ground state, and the reason they’re ingrained with that ground state because that’s a postulate of quantum mechanics in order to solve the hydrogen atom. In other words, the theory - they invented the theory to match what their conception of the hydrogen atom was; it dates back to 1886. ‘Cause they had some data that said here’s a hydrogen goes this lower state, so we’ll make a wave function that has that as it’s lowest state but it didn’t have any physics built into it, it wasn’t based on physics, it was just a mathematical model. It didn’t have to do with physics. ‘Cause remember they said that physics was different on the atomic scale.
AR: Right.
RM: So people have been taught that 13.6 eV is the lowest, or the ground state of the hydrogen atom, but in fact it’s not, there’s no reason why it can’t go lower. In fact, the potential energy between the proton and the electron could release a million extra electron volts of energy. And it doesn’t and you ask, “Well, why can’t it go to these lower states?” Because it does it spontaneously when you form a molecule of hydrogen, it goes to the lower states when you form water. The reason it doesn’t is because that’s the first non-radiative state and that’s the condition I used to solve the atom correctly. Do you follow me?
AR: Well, more or less.
RM: Well, let me put it this way. Around 1900, scientists said, “Well, we’ve got some spectra that we see hydrogen has this state that we feel is the lowest energy state. So what we’re going to do is we are just going to make a mathematical - we’re going to describe the hydrogen atom.” Same way you would use words, they use mathematics. They said the hydrogen atom is 13.6 over n squared where n can’t go below 1. They just proclaimed that. Didn’t have anything to do with physics, just proclaimed: “That is the ground state”. And what I did, is I said, “No, it’s physics. If you go back and solve the problem from the principles of PHYSICS, the electron can, in fact, go to low energy levels and you just haven’t FOUND it yet.” So, though they found the hydrogen in one half state, they just say “We proclaim that hydrogen can be 13.6 over n squared where n is one half, one, two, three, four, five you know up to n is infinity.” They just found it in that state and they just said we’ll proclaim it. Now, you can describe it in words, or you can describe it in terms of mathematical formulae, both mean the same thing. You follow me?
AR: Yeah, I follow you, without the math, I’m not that good at math. Physics is a hobby of mine. I -
RM: Well, all I’m saying is that they found hydrogen in a certain state and whether you describe it in words or in a mathematical equation that is equivalent to words, they just said: “I proclaim hydrogen is” - and they set this out - said that’s what it is. And what I’m saying is if you solve it correctly from first principles of physics, it says that is not the end of the story and that is not the full description of what hydrogen is. You have these other states that you can cause to happen by a non-radiative mechanism and that’s what I did, I solved that and I went into a lab and tested it and it made energy. And then I did some experiments that showed that this new form of hydrogen exists. And then I looked in the literature and alas, there is a ton of data in the literature that supports the existence of this new form of hydrogen and explains many, many problems that before could not be explained.
AR: You say there’s a ton of data in the literature?
RM: That’s correct.
AR: But have you got specific literature in mind.
RM: Look on the web page, [www.blacklightpower.com] there’s a ton of it, there’s things from solar flares there’s light from interstellar media, there’s transitions in the solar corona, there’s microwave background from deep space, there’s been nuclear hyperfine transitions, there’s proton atom scattering, that shows a back-scattered electron peak that has the characteristic feature of being caused by a one to one half fractional hydrogen transition. There’s a lot. But look, my wife’s waiting on me. I got to run home now. Well, ring tomorrow if you want to talk some more.
AR: I want to ask you a bit about your life and what led you to take on the career that you took on?
RM: I’ll have to think about that.
AR: Naw, you really know it all.
RM: Yeah, sure.
AR: I mean you might want to think about what you tell me - sort of informal - I don’t want a whole bunch of details or anything.
RM: OK.
AR: Tell me a little bit about how you came to be in that situation. I wanted to be an inventor too, but when I was a teenager I discovered that most of my inventions would be used by the military, or something -
RM: Well, I just decided that’s what I wanted to do, and I just stuck with it and did it, to put it succinctly. You know, like a person would want to be a doctor , or a lawyer, or a dentist. You just work through all the issues, and just keep focused and do it.
AR: What led you to want to be in that field?
RM: I enjoy it. It’s like anything. If you try tennis and you like it, you try and do it as much as you can, and I decided I wanted to do it as a business.
AR: Did you have any medical problems in the family or things that led you to go into that?
RM: Not really. I just decided that was what I was interested in.
AR: As an inventor, or as a healer?
RM: All of it’s the same to me, whether you’re inventing medical or inventing energy. To me there’s no such thing as a specific discipline. I think that’s kind of an artifact, just the way the educational system is. But I don’t see any sharp boundaries between medicine and energy and physics and electronics or anything. I think they’re all interrelated.
AR: All healing is a matter of healing the planet.
RM: Everything’s interrelated. Sure, I mean the chemistry that goes on in molecular biology - some of the concepts can be applied to atomic physics to cosmology. I mean, they’re all basically working with similar types of reasoning processes.
AR: How old were you when you first decided that you wanted to be an inventor?
RM: I started working when I was, like, six.
AR: Really?
RM: Yeah, pretty young.
AR: With what kind of things?
RM: I wouldn’t want to mention. They were pretty far out. I think we ought to stick to the things we actually got working.
AR: I see. Someone wrote the following: “For the sake of argument, let’s accept that this is true (meaning Blacklight Power works). What are the plans for this wonderful new energy source? Is it to be held in the hands of Dr. Mills, who would surely become the richest man in the world overnight, if it were, or, is Dr. Mills beholden to some corporation or consortium, or, are there plans to make such wonders available to all, like the air and sunlight that surround us as a right of mankind?”
RM: Ah, well, that’s kind of a Utopian dream, but the realities are, when you commercialize something, someone’s got to pay for the hundreds of millions in development costs, the infrastructure changes, and it’s got to be organized as a business. You know, penicillin wasn’t developed, except by the military, because it was “given” to the world and then, no one could get patent rights on it, so no one wanted to spend the money to develop it, because they couldn’t derive any revenue from it. So, I’ve got shareholders I have to answer to, and corporate investors and the like. But, if you believe in the free market system, if it’s the best energy source, everybody’s going to get it at the cheapest price. That’s basically the way the system works. And I think it is competitive to coal and gas and nuclear power. And, in time, you’re going to see everyone’s standard of living come up and the environmental issues improve as a consequence of the introduction of this technology and adoption of it.
AR: Right.
RM: If you’re asking, I’ve got about 160 shareholders. It’s a private corporation but we’re intending to take it public which means that anybody can buy ownership in the company, in other words anybody off the street could own shares in it if they had the money to buy the share price, and the units it will be in, it will be relatively affordable to anybody.
AR: Any idea when that might go public?
RM: We’re trying to get it done in 18 months. I mean that’s kind of the business plan, but we can’t guarantee anything.
AR: Right, but in the meantime do you expect to have a power plant running?
RM: We’re working on prototypes, you know, on the cell itself and also on - prototypes on the cell - we’re looking at conversion equipment right now. We’re trying to do some research into that, what would be the most effective conversion equipment.
AR: To convert the heat to electricity?
RM: Yeah, it looks like maybe turbo generators look like to be the forerunner right now, but that could change.
AR: And are you working at all on mobile systems yet?
RM: Sure. Yeah, as a matter of fact there’s some real good synergies between the mobile and distributive applications - equipment required so there could be shared development costs and increased markets, that type of thing.
AR: What about the poor countries - presently poor countries of the world - where they have no electricity? Would you see this as being made available at a price people could afford in those places?
RM: It’s probably the only thing that would really work for those countries ’cause they don’t have the infrastructure for fuel and they don’t have any central grid, and they don’t have the economy to put any of that in. So deriving the hydrogen from water with part of the energy of the process, and then having a small compact unit that’s relatively simple, is probably the only solution for them. In a lot of countries I think this would be very, very beneficial.
AR: Right, I can see that. I’ve lived 12 years in the jungles of Paraguay and the remarkable thing is -
RM: You don’t have any fuel, you don’t have any wires you don’t have any engineers there, so if you can just drop in, parachute in a self-contained unit that’s relatively simple - you know the advantages of that.
AR: Where I came to was a Christian cooperative community of 600 people and they had a couple engineers, and they had steam engines after 8 years there, and they had electric light all through the village, whereas the Mennonites who’d been there for thirty years already, could not do it because they would have had to have electric meters in every house. And the cooperative community didn’t have to worry about that because nobody paid nothing. They had electric light. It was a very impressive sight, the night that a Mennonite brought me first to his home a few miles away and I looked in the direction we were going and there was a glow in the sky which wasn’t the moon, and I said “What’s that?” He said “Oh, that’s Primavera. They have electric light”.
RM: Wow!
AR: It was very impressive!
RM: Yeah.
AR: So, I got there and they had these ancient steam engines, and the newest one was from 1913, the German Wolfe, but the old one was from 1898, and still running. And we built a charcoal gas engine system to do it a bit safer. Anyway, the other question is that an engineer that I was on the phone with, who works with a lot of physicists in the field of cosmic rays - and I mentioned to him that I thought you said that hydrinos could capture the energy from a cosmic ray and revert to hydrogen atoms.
RM: Yeah, but that’s a rare event.
AR: A rare event, but he said cosmic rays are essentially protons, for the most part.
RM: Yeah, but if they smash into a hydrogen atom, they can knock the electron loose. Hydrogen or lower energy hydrogen. I don’t think anybody would refute that. No matter what the electron is, a cosmic ray will ionize anything. They’re very high energy. So they just smash into something and rip the electron loose.
AR: So, it would not restore it to a hydrogen atom.
RM: Yeah, it wouldn’t, but once you ionized it, then the electron would be captured by - see, you’d have a free electron and a free proton then, and of course it would form a hydrogen atom.
AR: So that could actually happen. But it would be a rare event that we don’t have to really worry about.
RM: Well, no, it would be a good thing, right, because then it would block the cosmic ray somewhat, and it would revert back to normal hydrogen, so it wouldn’t screen some of the cosmic rays, albeit it’s not going to have much of an effect, because there’s not much of it, and the cross-section what they call, the chance that a cosmic ray will hit it, because it’s real small, is low.
AR: Right. The other question - if hydrogen is not at its lowest energy state, how could there be so much hydrogen in the universe, and around everywhere at this high energy state?
RM: Everybody that I talk to has missed that. That’s such a common question. You know, well, 95% of the matter that we see is hydrogen. Why isn’t it in a lower energy state? Then you’ve got to point out to people that the 95% of the matter that you can see, that’s hydrogen, that only represents 5% of the total mass of the universe, from what gravitational measurements have been made. So, what’s this other 95% of all the matter in the universe? What is that? Well, that’s lower energy hydrogen, also. I mean, that’s hydrogen, but it’s in a lower energy state. So, there is a lot of it, there is an awful lot of it in the universe in this lower energy state. You know what I mean, you’re only seeing the tip of the iceberg.
AR: Right, so, is it also present in our atmosphere and everything?
RM: No, it’s lighter than air, so it’s not in our atmosphere, but it does make up a very large constituent of the mass in the universe, and there’s a lot of it in the sun. It’s being produced in the sun. And that’s where a major fraction of the energy is coming from, by this transition reaction occurring in the sun. Namely, if you look at the spectra of the sun, there’s a bunch of lines that haven’t been assigned that match the Rydberg formula, which is the energy levels of the hydrogen atom, with fractions, rather than integers. That is 1 divided by i, where i is an integer, substituted for n squared in the denominator of the equation. That gives you very high energy levels in terms of the energy of the light coming out from these transitions. And that’s seen from the sun. It’s seen from interstellar media; it’s seen from solar flares, etc. So, it’s just a matter of misidentification or lack of making the connection between spectra, a very large constituent of matter that could not be identified, and lower energy hydrogen. If they had made that connection, then they wouldn’t ask that question. But, not till now has anyone done that.
AR: Caroline gave you a disk of the material on cold fusion that came in from the internet.
RM: Yeah, I don’t really pay much attention to that.
AR: Right, and the problem is that they don’t understand how the energy comes, where it’s coming from.
RM: Well, I don’t even know if they’re getting energy. I agree there are some experiments done in very reputable labs that said they’re maybe getting 10 or 20% heat from palladium and lithium electrolysis. And, it turns out that palladium 2+ and lithium+ is a transition catalyst. So, you could get some hydrogen transitions, get some heat, and then (trace amounts) of nuclear products. But, then, there’s a lot of junk on there, talking about everything in the phone book - transmutating the periodic chart, a lot of really strange stuff that really isn’t - I don’t think - well done experimental work. You know, like, there’s a company, CETI, and they were saying that they had a device they could show in public that was making a thousand watts. And now, the paper I looked at he showed me said may be getting 10 to 50% excess power. And that makes me really question their credibility. And they said they were getting a thousand watts with, like, a few milliwatts input, which is tens of thousands of times multiplier. And, now they’re saying, well, we’re only getting 10% excess heat. So, what happened in between? So, they really lose a lot of credibility, and you really trust what they’re telling you as being accurate. I haven’t seen independent research labs saying that either, and that’s the difference between us and those. Because we have top, credible labs saying, “We’ve independently tested this, we tried to disprove it, and it really does work”. That’s a big difference, rather than them, themselves, who are selling it, trying to raise money from investors: “Yeah, we’re getting a kilowatt”, and then not getting anybody to independently test it, and then later saying, no, we’re not getting a kilowatt from a milliwatt in. We’re really putting a kilowatt in and we’re maybe getting a 10% excess energy on top of a kilowatt, which is really within the experimental error of measuring heat.
AR: When I read the stuff, I also saw mention of yourself.
RM: Yeah, they tried to latch onto what we’re doing and pull us into that, but I don’t encourage that. I condemn it rather than condone it, but there is a free press, and they’ll do what they want to do.
AR: What they actually said was that you seem to have the best system, and this was last year, but they thought you were secretive. And I thought, well, gee, you wrote this whole book.
RM: Right, I’m not secretive. And I published three papers; and I’m working with a lot of companies. It’s just I’m not working with them, and I think they always put their spin on stuff to try to promote what they’re doing. I don’t put much confidence in what they’re doing as really real.
AR: Well, I mean if you published this whole book that explains everything, it’s hardly secretive.
RM: It’s not secretive. You made a good point. They do try to put their spin on things.
AR: When they have no answer, they say it’s secretive.
RM: Right. There, if I’m disagreeing with them, and I’m saying I’m not making a nuclear reaction, and who would even want a nuclear reaction - they act like a nuclear reaction is a great thing. And I say, no, it’s not a nuclear reaction, and then, because I’m not going along with them, they say, “He’s secretive”. Like it is a nuclear reaction, but he’s not telling you. I think that’s what they’re implying. And that’s absolutely not true.
AR: Right. And tritium production is one of the most dangerous things on the planet.
RM: Dangerous. Gets incorporated in your DNA, for example.
AR: Right, and it’s impossible to contain it forever.
RM: Right. It leaks out, permeates through metals. It’s a very dangerous stuff; gets in your water supply, and then you’re stuck.
AR: That’s what I’m hearing, too. I like what you’re doing, because it doesn’t involve that.
RM: Yeah, They say: “Oh, we’re producing harmless tritium. And without radiation, nuclear reactions, and we have no radiation. We have no nuclear products.” Well, I tell them, that’s like saying that Sun Oil Company is cold fusion. There’s a reaction that makes heat with no nuclear products, right, so that’s cold fusion.
AR: Well, yes, anyway, I really appreciate your telling me all this, and I think that’s really what I wanted to know.
RM: OK. Well, good luck with your story.
End of Interview
Years from now, I believe, we’ll look back on these times as the great turning point in our planet’s history. With non- polluting energy available for all, there will be few excuses for war. We can now devote ourselves to working together in peace to solve all our planet’s needs. Of course we’re also aware of human ego and selfishness and the fear that this new energy will be controlled by multinational corporations who will keep it from the poor. There is still much need for people of loving concern to change the social systems that divide humanity, creating the inequality and suffering that causes violent revolutions. Yet the very nature of this new physics, new energy which is efficient in small units, tends towards decentralization, the very opposite of huge corporate systems. Very soon every village, every community or even each household can have its own clean energy. Developing a truly loving society remains the work of Aquarian Research which also looks at cooperative lifestyles, better health, the elimination of violence, fear and sexual repression. For more information about all these new discoveries, you may subscribe to our newsletter. Sample issues are sent for any donation. Write to:
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Peace and love,
Art Rosenblum
(215) 849-1259 or 849-3237 day/evening
Finding ways to a positive future for the Earth since 1969.